Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI) Electromagnetic Interferences are generated by currents which flow into the electronic circuitry of instrumentation. Some electromagnetic interferences originate in nature through atomospheric phenomena, such as lightning and static electricity. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directives define two categories (illustrated below). Each category is further sub-divided into: • Conducted EMI propagated by wires (such as power or connection cables) • Radiated EMI spread through the air The effects of these electromagnetic interferences are the main cause for: • Incorrect equipment operation and therefore, inaccurate measurements • Damage to the equipment, itself International Governing bodies have defined the EMI tolerance limits for electronic instruments. The aim is to limit EMI effects and to reach an Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) that permits all electronic devices to operate normally, and in proximity with each other, without having an adverse effect on their operation. Electromagnetic Compatibility Electromagnetic Compatibility of an instrument means that electromagnetic interferences will not compromise its functionality, and at the same time, the meter itself will not generate interferences which may affect other equipment. In Europe, the CE mark on a product means compliance with the EMC Directives. The products must meet the directives before they can be legally sold. The CE Directive referring the the “Conducted and Radiated Emissions” is designated as EN 50081-1, while EN 50082-1 defines the prerequisites for “Susceptibility to the Conducted and Radiated EMI”. The “Mission Statement” of Hanna’s Research and Development is “a complete dedication in designing electroanalytical instruments to monitor and safeguard the environment, in compliance with the CE Directives”. The following provides a short list of the significance of CE Norms and how we comply with them. CE Mark Definition and Compliance All industries make use of electronic instrumentation for their daily operations. The increased use of electronic equipment in many industries means that more instruments are used together and in conjunction with each other, often in a very restricted area. Proximity of equipment has increased the likelihood of interferences between various instruments, as well as the instruments and the environment surrounding them. Improper operation of the equipment may result from these undesired Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI). • Radiated Susceptibility · Our instruments are not susceptible to radiation generated by other equipment that in turn can cause improper operation, such as, automatic switching off and/or inaccurate measurements. • Radiated Emissions · The Hanna meters do not emit radiation that might cause improper functioning of other equipment in their proximity (such as switching off and/or inaccurate measurements). • Susceptibility to Conducted Interferences · This is caused mainly by power leads or signal/control cables connecting different devices, which could result in malfunctioning or permanent damage. Hanna products come with this protection • Electrostatic Discharges · Hanna equipment is not susceptible to static electricity from users or objects, whether due to direct contact or proximity. This kind of discharge can cause severe damage to other equipment. · Compliance with the CE Directives, ensures reliability and accuracy for products manufactured by Hanna. Susceptibility Directives which sets standards for the amount of EMI a device can withstand and still operate normally and without incurring any damage. Emission Directives Restrict the amplitude of the signals emerging from a device. 16 Glossary 16.4 | www.hannainst.com
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTI3NTM=